About 5G micro base station power deployment
With the slow recovery of the domestic epidemic, all over the country have begun to step up planning the construction of 5G base stations!
The most important part of 5G base station equipment is, of course, the 5G micro-base station power supply.
The higher the 5G frequency, the penetration and diffraction ability will be relatively reduced, the signal can only be transmitted directly, and many remote places will not receive the signal, and the micro-base station can make up for this defect. Therefore, 5G will adopt the "macro station + micro station" network coverage mode!
The power supply of macro base station has matured, while the deployment of micro base station urgently needs to solve the following problems: it is difficult to coordinate the control of diversified energy input and output, multi-system load needs, and complex power supply system; Low efficiency of energy equipment, serious energy consumption; The power supply system cannot be expanded or evolved.
Characteristics and types of microbase stations
1. Introduction of micro-base station
Microbase station is a kind of low-power base station equipment which is much smaller than the traditional macro station in terms of product form, transmission power and coverage. The characteristics are: miniaturization; Low transmitting power; Good controllability; Intelligent; Flexible networking. From the general mass point of view, between 2-10kg, the transmission power is generally between 50mW - 5W. Wireless access points that can use both licensed frequencies and non-licensed frequency access technologies with WIFI integration, with a coverage range of 10-200 meters. The networking mode supports the backtransmission of various technologies including DSL/ fiber /WLAN and cellular technology; With automatic neighborhood identification, self-configuration and other SON functions.
2. Power environment of micro-base station
Because 5G works in the middle and high frequency bands above 3.5GHz, 6GHz or even 20GHz, the signal range that the macro base station can cover has become very limited, and it is predicted that 80% of the indoor traffic will be carried by the micro-base station, and only 20% of the indoor traffic will be carried by the macro station. Therefore, the deployment schedule of microbase stations is a key factor in determining whether 5G can be fully commercialized.
3. Micro base station power supply scenario application
4. Micro base station power maintenance
Power supply characteristics of 5G microbase stations
(1) AC power supply is complex. Some for three-phase power supply, some for single-phase power supply; Some are temporary electricity for the demolition of urban villages, some may be directly connected to the rural grid, residential electricity lines or production electricity lines of enterprises, and some are served by national electric special lines. Diversified power supply methods, which may lead to poor power supply quality, such as a wide range of voltage fluctuations, frequent voltage mutations, frequent power outages and so on.
(2) Microbase stations have small coverage, dense sites, no room, wide distribution, and large environmental differences. In order to cover the network, a large number of micro-base stations have to be built in dense urban villages, bustling streets, residential commanding heights, high temperature and high humidity areas, etc., which not only leads to difficult AC power supply, but also leads to increased probability of lightning strikes, high temperature and high humidity resulting in equipment operating stability and life reduction, and increased failure rate.
(3) No one is on duty. There are a large number of micro-base stations, which are generally installed in open Spaces or areas, and the direct cost of manual intervention and restoration is not only high, but also the impact on customers and indirect losses caused by "station drop" if it is not discovered in time.
The above general characteristics of microbase stations lead to power supply assurance and maintenance work not only increase the workload, but also increase the difficulty.
Suggestions for micro-base station power maintenance
(1) AC power supply quality assurance. Should try to avoid and large load inductive or capacitive load lines and connection, so as not to cause excessive voltage fluctuations and even frequent power surges.
The selection of AC contactor, circuit breaker fuses and air switches, the design of protection circuit, the design of AC power detection circuit, the selection of lightning protection and surge protection measures in the internal power supply system of micro-base station should meet the specifications. Special sites with frequent abnormalities should be paid special attention, such as shortening the inspection period, making inspection records, carrying out special maintenance, and adding appropriate AC voltage regulating equipment and lightning protection and surge protection equipment when necessary.
(2) lightning protection and grounding measures for micro-base stations. Microbase stations are generally installed in open Spaces, and in order to fully enable the base station to improve signal coverage, its construction site must meet the requirements of the erection site. In some special locations, such as the roof of a dense urban area, this will inevitably cause the power supply system to be vulnerable to lightning, and its RF leads are also exposed, which is also the damage point of lightning strikes. The main measures to be implemented are as follows:
One is the protection of AC power supply. Most of the microbase station mains are introduced into the small wall-mounted distribution box, should consider adding a special lightning protection box, at least should also consider accessing the maximum current capacity of 100kA lightning protection device (SPD) in the distribution box. However, as a maintenance personnel should fully check and record the good condition of the electrical connection and the device itself in the inspection, and update it in time when necessary.
The second is the protection of the radio frequency cable. We know that the RF input of the base station is relatively fragile and sensitive to lightning strikes, and the conducted interference generated by lightning strikes may also cause the failure or even damage of the base station control equipment, so in addition to the necessary use of special RF cable lightning protection products, it is also necessary to pay attention to the good performance of its shielding grounding check and guarantee.
The third is lightning protection and grounding. There are special design specifications and industry standards for lightning protection and grounding of mobile communication base stations. The same micro base station in the construction to meet the following requirements: docking facilities, AC system power supply mode, power line and introduction mode and grounding, tower arrester and grounding, sky feeder system grounding, signal system grounding, building grounding, docking ground wire, grounding lead, grounding line grounding resistance and so on. As an operation and maintenance personnel, the most important thing is to ensure that these measures are effective for a long time, and the most practical work is to timely check and ensure that the grounding resistance meets and meets the specified requirements.
Brief summary
5G microbase stations are widely used in network deployment, with flexible networking and strong self-adaptation. Understanding the fault occurrence rules of the base station power system of 5G microbase stations and mastering fast and effective fault solutions can improve the maintenance skills of maintenance personnel, easily cope with increasingly heavy maintenance requirements, improve the quality of communication networks, and provide the most effective guarantee for the reliable operation of communication networks.
About 5G micro base station power deployment
With the slow recovery of the domestic epidemic, all over the country have begun to step up planning the construction of 5G base stations!
The most important part of 5G base station equipment is, of course, the 5G micro-base station power supply.
The higher the 5G frequency, the penetration and diffraction ability will be relatively reduced, the signal can only be transmitted directly, and many remote places will not receive the signal, and the micro-base station can make up for this defect. Therefore, 5G will adopt the "macro station + micro station" network coverage mode!
The power supply of macro base station has matured, while the deployment of micro base station urgently needs to solve the following problems: it is difficult to coordinate the control of diversified energy input and output, multi-system load needs, and complex power supply system; Low efficiency of energy equipment, serious energy consumption; The power supply system cannot be expanded or evolved.
Characteristics and types of microbase stations
1. Introduction of micro-base station
Microbase station is a kind of low-power base station equipment which is much smaller than the traditional macro station in terms of product form, transmission power and coverage. The characteristics are: miniaturization; Low transmitting power; Good controllability; Intelligent; Flexible networking. From the general mass point of view, between 2-10kg, the transmission power is generally between 50mW - 5W. Wireless access points that can use both licensed frequencies and non-licensed frequency access technologies with WIFI integration, with a coverage range of 10-200 meters. The networking mode supports the backtransmission of various technologies including DSL/ fiber /WLAN and cellular technology; With automatic neighborhood identification, self-configuration and other SON functions.
2. Power environment of micro-base station
Because 5G works in the middle and high frequency bands above 3.5GHz, 6GHz or even 20GHz, the signal range that the macro base station can cover has become very limited, and it is predicted that 80% of the indoor traffic will be carried by the micro-base station, and only 20% of the indoor traffic will be carried by the macro station. Therefore, the deployment schedule of microbase stations is a key factor in determining whether 5G can be fully commercialized.
3. Micro base station power supply scenario application
4. Micro base station power maintenance
Power supply characteristics of 5G microbase stations
(1) AC power supply is complex. Some for three-phase power supply, some for single-phase power supply; Some are temporary electricity for the demolition of urban villages, some may be directly connected to the rural grid, residential electricity lines or production electricity lines of enterprises, and some are served by national electric special lines. Diversified power supply methods, which may lead to poor power supply quality, such as a wide range of voltage fluctuations, frequent voltage mutations, frequent power outages and so on.
(2) Microbase stations have small coverage, dense sites, no room, wide distribution, and large environmental differences. In order to cover the network, a large number of micro-base stations have to be built in dense urban villages, bustling streets, residential commanding heights, high temperature and high humidity areas, etc., which not only leads to difficult AC power supply, but also leads to increased probability of lightning strikes, high temperature and high humidity resulting in equipment operating stability and life reduction, and increased failure rate.
(3) No one is on duty. There are a large number of micro-base stations, which are generally installed in open Spaces or areas, and the direct cost of manual intervention and restoration is not only high, but also the impact on customers and indirect losses caused by "station drop" if it is not discovered in time.
The above general characteristics of microbase stations lead to power supply assurance and maintenance work not only increase the workload, but also increase the difficulty.
Suggestions for micro-base station power maintenance
(1) AC power supply quality assurance. Should try to avoid and large load inductive or capacitive load lines and connection, so as not to cause excessive voltage fluctuations and even frequent power surges.
The selection of AC contactor, circuit breaker fuses and air switches, the design of protection circuit, the design of AC power detection circuit, the selection of lightning protection and surge protection measures in the internal power supply system of micro-base station should meet the specifications. Special sites with frequent abnormalities should be paid special attention, such as shortening the inspection period, making inspection records, carrying out special maintenance, and adding appropriate AC voltage regulating equipment and lightning protection and surge protection equipment when necessary.
(2) lightning protection and grounding measures for micro-base stations. Microbase stations are generally installed in open Spaces, and in order to fully enable the base station to improve signal coverage, its construction site must meet the requirements of the erection site. In some special locations, such as the roof of a dense urban area, this will inevitably cause the power supply system to be vulnerable to lightning, and its RF leads are also exposed, which is also the damage point of lightning strikes. The main measures to be implemented are as follows:
One is the protection of AC power supply. Most of the microbase station mains are introduced into the small wall-mounted distribution box, should consider adding a special lightning protection box, at least should also consider accessing the maximum current capacity of 100kA lightning protection device (SPD) in the distribution box. However, as a maintenance personnel should fully check and record the good condition of the electrical connection and the device itself in the inspection, and update it in time when necessary.
The second is the protection of the radio frequency cable. We know that the RF input of the base station is relatively fragile and sensitive to lightning strikes, and the conducted interference generated by lightning strikes may also cause the failure or even damage of the base station control equipment, so in addition to the necessary use of special RF cable lightning protection products, it is also necessary to pay attention to the good performance of its shielding grounding check and guarantee.
The third is lightning protection and grounding. There are special design specifications and industry standards for lightning protection and grounding of mobile communication base stations. The same micro base station in the construction to meet the following requirements: docking facilities, AC system power supply mode, power line and introduction mode and grounding, tower arrester and grounding, sky feeder system grounding, signal system grounding, building grounding, docking ground wire, grounding lead, grounding line grounding resistance and so on. As an operation and maintenance personnel, the most important thing is to ensure that these measures are effective for a long time, and the most practical work is to timely check and ensure that the grounding resistance meets and meets the specified requirements.
Brief summary
5G microbase stations are widely used in network deployment, with flexible networking and strong self-adaptation. Understanding the fault occurrence rules of the base station power system of 5G microbase stations and mastering fast and effective fault solutions can improve the maintenance skills of maintenance personnel, easily cope with increasingly heavy maintenance requirements, improve the quality of communication networks, and provide the most effective guarantee for the reliable operation of communication networks.
